Definitely go for a patent. That shows ambition and initiative, and that you understand the larger system concerning intellectual property. Great job on that, by the way.
Your scores on the SAT are fine, and like I said, they aren't emphasized, but if you have the time, it couldn't hurt to raise your critical reading score. If it was your first time, you have a strong chance of raising your score, so it sounds like it might be worth it. They will not look poorly on you if you scored worse on even all three sections: the schools expect people to take it multiple times, and they understand that some days you are simply in a better test-taking mood. They will only consider the highest scores of each individual section.
Again, it's not very important, and I feel shady telling someone it might be a good idea to take a standardized test again (I absolutely despise standardized tests, and actually recently finished a senior thesis on its negative effects; I only took the SAT once because it was so miserable to me), but you seem quite strong everywhere else. If I had to say what you should have as a goal, I think the 1500-1600 range for math and critical reading is fine. They don't distinguish too heavily between people in a range like that, though of course if you're capable of more, go for more