Ohh I remember the army question. I'm fairly certain the answer is D. Militias were cheaper to run than the regular, and I know that the army was orgaized in a manner that was extremely similar to European fighting forces with brigades, divisions, and garrisons.
EDIT:: Yea it was D:
A Brief Profile of the Continental Army
^Fourth paragraph
For the other the microprocessor was definitley the correct answer... Computer science 101 and the others were obvious IMO.