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Firstly, like ranka said, it does put alot of emphasis on language. Not that language can't measure intelligence or logical thinking but it is kinda narrow. The math section is ridiculously easy too.
I'd say the SAT is more of an indicator of 1) where a person can be in 2) "built up intelligence"
I don't think intelligence is entirely determined from birth. I think it can be trained from mind games and puzzles, etc. To recognize patterns or reason correctly does take practice and I think most would correlate these two abilities to intelligence. Naturally, some develop these abilities more easily than others. So for the SAT, its probably a measure of hard work x intelligence. For the highest score ranges, you do have to be at least fairly intelligent besides relatively hard working to break into. But the rest can probably be achieved with lots of hard work.
And for those saying that SAT measures wealth: I won't deny that classes do help. It takes longer to learn things by yourself but the level of SAT classes is quite low so it'll probably only push you up to about 2100 or so. Past that you only have yourself to rely on. The SAT really isn't so hard that you have to pay to get high scores. If you're studying just for the test, then I can just say give up. Hard work improves your score but its over a very long time. All of the 2400s I know (myself included) have been avid readers and enjoyed puzzles from an early age. After chatting with them, I've found that few really thought of themselves as especially smart in early years but as time went on, progressed to higher ranks within their classes/community. Seriously, memorizing vocab, etc can only help so much. You do kind of have to condition yourself to be used to certain patterns and you can only do that in the required time by exposing yourself to them often.
Reading some philosophy helps imo. Anything that develops logic will help. Its not a pure logic test but logic will help on just about any test.
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