You asked about city? So, Budapest is very beautiful town, with very convenient transportation. You have to pay as a student only around 3000 Ft. (15 EUR) per month for all kind of transports. Food is very tasty and cheap. If you need accommodation in city centre - prices are also very low starting from 200 EUR per person per month (if you stay alone in apartment) and maybe like 120-140 EUR per month is you stay together with room mate. Some useful information about accommodation is here:
High Quality Apartments in the center of Budapest Budapest is very safe town; violent crime is exception, only some pickpocket. No racism or anti-Semitism. As I know ELTE institute may be good for you as they teach History and philosophy.