Tips for getting more aid (appeal + scholarships)?

By the way, can anybody comment on how close school’s offers usually are to the Estimated Financial Contribution? My EFC was about 11.5k from the FAFSA and around 13.5k from the CSS so I was rather shocked when asked to pay two, three, or four times that amount. Is that usually how these things go? Certainly I wasn’t expecting schools to be that generous but I was expecting the cost to be closer to my EFC than four times that amount.