2009 PSAT Scores and Discussion

<p>Sammael,</p>

<p>The defintion of a preposition does not indicate anything if the phrase in question is idiomatic. Find me an entry in a dictionary in which “explanation of” is used to mean “reason for.” I can find you dozens in which “explanation of” is not used for that purpose, and in which “explanation for” is.</p>

<p>“What the College Board says is right:
The arrival of swallows in San Juan Capistrano on the same day each spring fascinates scientists, who continue to search for an explanation of the phenomenon.”</p>

<p>Okay.</p>

<p>"What this means:</p>

<p>The scientists were continuing to search for a description or explication of the birds’ arrival"</p>

<p>I’m not following your logic, here. An explanation is a cause or reason, in this context. They were searching for the explanation, cause, or reason. (Thesaurus: [Explanation</a> Synonym | Synonym of Explanation and Antonym of Explanation at Thesaurus.com](<a href=“http://thesaurus.reference.com/browse/explanation]Explanation”>56 Synonyms & Antonyms for EXPLANATION | Thesaurus.com))</p>

<p>[The arrival of swallows in San Juan Capistrano on the same day each spring fascinates scientists, who continue to search for (the phenomenon’s cause)] is equivalent to the original sentence.</p>

<p>Please consider also the following dictionary entry: [Explanation</a> Definition | Definition of Explanation at Dictionary.com](<a href=“http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/explanation]Explanation”>EXPLANATION Definition & Usage Examples | Dictionary.com)</p>

<ol>
<li>something that explains; a statement made to clarify something and make it understandable; exposition:
(EXAMPLE) an explanation of a poem</li>
</ol>

<p>"Please consider also the following dictionary entry: Explanation Definition | Definition of Explanation at Dictionary.com</p>

<ol>
<li>something that explains; a statement made to clarify something and make it understandable; exposition:
(EXAMPLE) an explanation of a poem"</li>
</ol>

<p>This supports my argument.</p>

<p>How does that support your argument? I’m really not even sure WHAT you’re arguing; you have to prove that ‘of’ is explicitly incorrect, right? ANY example of ‘of’ being used correctly is a nonentity; all it proves is that ‘of’ CAN be used in that particular fashion, not that it can’t be used in the way the College Board believes it can.</p>

<p>Furthermore, that seems to support my definition of ‘of’, under which the original sentence is perfectly correct.</p>

<p>Consider the following:</p>

<p>“…who continue to search for an explanation of the phenomenon.”</p>

<p>“[…who continue to search for] an explanation of [the] poem”</p>

<p>Why would one of these be incorrect and not the other?</p>

<p>Ooh, uhh, one more contested forum S question:</p>

<p>What was the answer for the one writing Q that had to do with resistance to good as well as bad bacteria?</p>

<p>Sammael,</p>

<p>My argument is three-pronged: first, that “explanation for” is used to indicate the reason for something; second, that “explanation of” is used to indicate a description, explication, or elucidation; and three, that any other use of these is incorrect. </p>

<p>The example sentence for the poem is inapplicable to the PSAT question. In the PSAT question, the scientists are looking for a reason that the phenomenon exists. In the example you gave, someone is explaining a poem; they aren’t giving an explanation for why the poem came into existance.</p>

<p>You’re just making a fool of yourself now, I’m sorry.</p>

<p>“first, that “explanation for” is used to indicate the reason for something”</p>

<p>Unimportant. Does that fact that 1+1=2 mean that 0+2=2? Just because one preposition works does not mean another one can’t work as well (and, frankly, I’m not convinced ‘for’ works there).</p>

<p>“second, that “explanation of” is used to indicate a description, explication, or elucidation”</p>

<p>explanation:
"2. something that explains; a statement made to clarify something and make it understandable; exposition: </p>

<p>an explanation of a poem"</p>

<p>An explanation which clarifies the poem.</p>

<p>An explanation which clarifies the phenomenon. They’re searching for the phenomenon’s clarification, elucidation, or explanation. They want an explanation of the phenomenon.</p>

<p>“…who continue to search for an explanation [which (clarifies/elucidates)] the phenomenon.”</p>

<p>"and three, that any other use of these is incorrect. "</p>

<p>You have examples of proven experts explaining why this specific usage of ‘of’ is incorrect?</p>

<p>“They’re searching for the phenomenon’s clarification, elucidation, or explanation.”</p>

<p>I don’t know what kind of scientists you’re familiar with, but none I’ver ever heard of go around looking for elucidations, clarifications, or explanations of anything. The only people I know of who do this are perhaps investigative law enforcement officers or journalists.</p>

<p>You’re right; scientists HATE explanations. How could knowing the reason for something ever help someone understand anything?</p>

<p>“You have examples of proven experts explaining why this specific usage of ‘of’ is incorrect?”</p>

<p>Indirectly, I suppose. </p>

<p>Working off of your math example: Someone gives you two numbers, which they denote as variables x and y. They proceed to offer you (and they, as the creator of this scenario, are reputable and expert) 41 examples of proper operations with x and y.</p>

<p>In about half the examples, they add x and y to get z. In the other half of the examples, they multiply x and y and get w. Does this prove that the sum of x and y (i.e., z) does not equal the product of x and y (i.e., w)? No. Does it provide a compelling case? Yes.</p>

<p>What are these examples, then? I’m already provided one of ‘of’ being used in what I perceive as being the exact same scenario. </p>

<p>I’d like you to:</p>

<p>(a) explain why that example (“explanation of a poem”) is grammatically unlike the sentence in question. Please note that trying to deflect the question by claiming that no one wants a clarification of a phenomenon isn’t a grammatical argument.</p>

<p>(b) list your examples and citations which enumerate the many and proper uses of ‘for’ and of ‘of’. Use these to demonstrate that the sentence in question is grammatically incorrect, or at least unprecedented.</p>

<p>Alternatively:</p>

<p>(c) just accept that the College Board is pretty probably right.</p>

<p>“You’re right; scientists HATE explanations. How could knowing the reason for something ever help someone understand anything?”</p>

<p>Either you’re satirizing your previous, illogical position, or you have negligently misinterpreted my point. Let me offer you an explanation of what I was saying.</p>

<p>Scientists don’t search for clarifications, elucidations, or explications. What the sentence says as the College Board originally wrote it:</p>

<p>The arrival of swallows in San Juan Capistrano on the same day each spring fascinates scientists, who continue to search for a(n) clarification/elucidation/explication of the phenomenon. </p>

<p>That’s utterly illogical. The scientists are the ones who would offer this explication, not those who would go searching for one. A student who is unfamiliar with the arrival of the swallows might seek out this explication by an expert. At best, the scientists were searching for information so that they could explicate the phenomenon; they weren’t searching for this previously completed explication. </p>

<p>The independent clause clearly establishes that the scientists were aware of the phenomenon, and could thus offer an explanation, elucidation, clarification, or explication of it. What they did not know, however, was for what reason the phenomenon occurs (i.e., an explanation for it).</p>

<p>You’re a loony.</p>

<p>would taking a picture of the score report i got as proof of the -2 writing curve be against college board rules? i assume not but i just want to make sure,</p>

<p>“(a) explain why that example (“explanation of a poem”) is grammatically unlike the sentence in question. Please note that trying to deflect the question by claiming that no one wants a clarification of a phenomenon isn’t a grammatical argument.”</p>

<p>I’m happy to (though, I should caution you that grammar and logic are not always discrete entities). </p>

<p>The definition that corresponds to your example phrase is:</p>

<p>“2. something that explains; a statement made to clarify something and make it understandable; exposition.”</p>

<p>Your example phrase: </p>

<p>“an explanation of a poem.”</p>

<p>Someone is making the poem understandable. They are clarifying the poem. They are offering an interpretation of the poem. Any one of these could be the case; the definition makes this clear.</p>

<p>What someone is not doing, however, is giving a reason that the poem exists. This is the case for the PSAT question, and so there is no semantic concordance. And so there is no logical agreement; in turn, there is no grammatical agreement.</p>

<p>“(b) list your examples and citations which enumerate the many and proper uses of ‘for’ and of ‘of’. Use these to demonstrate that the sentence in question is grammatically incorrect, or at least unprecedented.”</p>

<p>Alrighty.</p>

<p>Dictionary and thesaurus sources offering information through examples on the proper use of prepositions after “explanation” in specific contexts:
“explanation of”:</p>

<p> “as, the explanation of a passage in Scripture, or of a contract or treaty” (Webster’s Revised Unabridged, 1913 Edition;
[explanation</a> - definition of explanation by the Online Dictionary from Datasegment.com](<a href=“http://onlinedictionary.datasegment.com/word/explanation]explanation”>Dictionary-Definition.com :: Explanation definition))
Commentary: The passage, contract, or treaty is the object of a description or explication here. This is inapplicable to the question in dispute because the scientists had already described the birds’ arrival; they were attempting to describe the cause of the arrival.</p>

<p> Corresponding definition: “The meaning attributed to anything by one who explains if; definition; interpretation; sense.” Example: “Different explanations [of the Trinity].” (Note that the brackets were included in original entry;
<a href=“http://onlinedictinary.datasegment.com/word/explanation;[/url]”>http://onlinedictinary.datasegment.com/word/explanation;&lt;/a&gt; Webster’s Revised Unabridged, 1913 Edition)
Commentary: This example sentence is offered for the definition of “explanation” when the word is used to indicate “[the] meaning attributed to anything by one who explains it; definition; interpretation; [or] sense.” A reason for the Trinity’s existence is not being provided here; instead, an interpretation or meaning is being conveyed. This example sentence is inapplicable to the sentence in question because the scientists were not attempting to interpret the birds’ arrival or provide its meaning as one might do with respect to the Trinity.</p>

<p> Corresponding definition: “The act of explaining; making something plain or intelligible.” Example: “I heard his explanation of the accident.” (Princeton WordNet 2.1 (2005); [explanation</a> - definition of explanation by the Online Dictionary from Datasegment.com](<a href=“http://onlinedictionary.datasegment.com/word/explanation]explanation”>Dictionary-Definition.com :: Explanation definition))
Commentary: Without the context provided by the definition that corresponds with this example sentence, (“The act of explaining; making something plain or intelligible”), the meaning of this sentence if one is unaware of the proper usage of “explanation of” and “explanation for” is ambiguous. However, because the definition makes it clear that, in this context, an explication is being indicated, one knows that this example is inapplicable to the sentence in question: the scientists were searching for the cause of the phenomenon (i.e., an explanation for the phenomenon), not for an explication or description of this cause (i.e., an explanation of the cause of the phenomenon) or of the phenomenon itself (i.e., an explanation of the phenomenon).</p>

<p> Entry is definition of “reason.” “an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon” [reason</a> - definition of reason by the Online Dictionary from Datasegment.com](<a href=“http://onlinedictionary.datasegment.com/word/reason]reason”>Dictionary-Definition.com :: Reason definition))
Commentary: This example is not applicable to the sentence in question, but is nonetheless illuminating, because the explication “of the cause of some phenomenon” is being indicated here. One is not searching for the cause of the cause; if he or she were, the phrase would be, “an explanation for the cause of some phenomenon.” If “for” were substituted for “of the cause of,” the meaning would be unchanged (“an explanation for some phenomenon”).</p>

<p> Entry is definition of “gloss.” “a short or expanded explanation of a word, expression, or foreign phrase in the margin or test of a manuscript, etc.” (Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged 6th Edition 2003; [gloss</a> - definition of gloss by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.](<a href=“Gloss]gloss - definition of gloss]gloss by The Free Dictionary”>Gloss - definition of gloss by The Free Dictionary))
Commentary: Here, “explanation of” is being equated with “interpretation,” that is, the word or phrase itself is being explained (i.e., an explanation of it).</p>

<p> Entry is definition of “gloss.” “an explanation or definition of an obscure word in a text” (Princeton WordNet 3.0 (2008); [gloss</a> - definition of gloss by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.](<a href=“Gloss]gloss - definition of gloss]gloss by The Free Dictionary”>Gloss - definition of gloss by The Free Dictionary))
Commentary: The word, not its reason for existence (i.e., an explanation for it), is obscure. Thus, one would offer an explanation of it.</p>

<p> Entry is definition of “explication.” “a detailed explanation of the meaning of something” (Princeton WordNet 3.0 (2008); [explanation</a> - definition of explanation by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.](<a href=“Explanation]explanation - definition of explanation]explanation by The Free Dictionary”>Explanation - definition of explanation by The Free Dictionary))
Commentary: Similarly, an explication of the reason for the existence of the meaning of something (i.e., an explanation for the meaning of something) is not being indicated. Instead, an explication of this meaning (i.e., an explanation of the meaning of something) is being offered.</p>

<p> Entry is definition of “derivation.” “an explanation of the historical origins of a word or phrase” (Princeton WordNet 3.0 (2008); [explanation</a> - definition of explanation by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.](<a href=“Explanation]explanation - definition of explanation]explanation by The Free Dictionary”>Explanation - definition of explanation by The Free Dictionary))
Commentary: An indication of the explication of (i.e., explanation of) a word’s or phrase’s origin is being offered here. One wouldn’t indicate an explication of the reason for the word’s or phrase’s origin (i.e., an explanation of the explanation for the origin).</p>

<p> Entry is definition of “definition.” “a concise explanation of the meaning of a word or phrase or symbol” (Princeton WordNet 3.0 (2008); [explanation</a> - definition of explanation by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.](<a href=“Explanation]explanation - definition of explanation]explanation by The Free Dictionary”>Explanation - definition of explanation by The Free Dictionary))
Commentary: Again, the meaning itself is being explicated here (i.e., an explanation of it). If the reason for the existence of the meaning of something were being indicated, the phrase would be “a concise explanation for the meaning of a word or phrase or symbol.”</p>

<p> Entry is definition of “walk-through.” “a thorough explanation (usually accompanied by a demonstration) or each step in a procedure or process” (Princeton WordNet 3.0 (2008); [explanation</a> - definition of explanation by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.](<a href=“Explanation]explanation - definition of explanation]explanation by The Free Dictionary”>Explanation - definition of explanation by The Free Dictionary))
Commentary: The clear indication here is that the steps, not their reasons for existence, are being explicated.</p>

<p> Entry is definition of “interpretation.” “an explanation of something that is not immediately obvious” (Princeton WordNet 3.0 (2008); [explanation</a> - definition of explanation by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.](<a href=“Explanation]explanation - definition of explanation]explanation by The Free Dictionary”>Explanation - definition of explanation by The Free Dictionary))
Commentary: Note that the explanation of something that is not immediately obvious is indicated here. If “explanation for” were used, the explanation would be given for something whose cause was not immediately obvious.</p>

<p> Entry is definition of “rationale.” “an explanation of the fundamental reasons” (Princeton WordNet 3.0 (2008); [explanation</a> - definition of explanation by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.](<a href=“Explanation]explanation - definition of explanation]explanation by The Free Dictionary”>Explanation - definition of explanation by The Free Dictionary))
Commentary: An indication of the explication of the reasons is given here, not an indication that the reasons for the fundamental reasons are given (i.e., the explanation for the fundamental reasons). If the latter were the case, the reasons would not be fundamental.</p>

<p> Entry is definition of “account.” “an explanation of conduct” (Collins English Dictionary (2003); [account</a> - definition of account by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.](<a href=“Account]account - definition of account]account by The Free Dictionary”>Account - definition of account by The Free Dictionary))
Commentary: Except for the preposition, it is not clear what the intended meaning here is.</p>

<p> Entry is definition of “account.” “a description or explanation (of something that has happened)” (Kernerman English Learner’s Dictionary (2008); [account</a> - definition of account by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.](<a href=“Account]account - definition of account]account by The Free Dictionary”>Account - definition of account by The Free Dictionary))
Commentary: Here, “explanation of “ is being equated with “description.”</p>

<p> Entry is definition of “exposition.” “a systematic interpretation or explanation (usually written) of a specific topic” (Princeton WordNet 3.0 (2008); [interpretation</a> - definition of interpretation by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.](<a href=“Interpretation]interpretation - definition of interpretation]interpretation by The Free Dictionary”>Interpretation - definition of interpretation by The Free Dictionary))
Commentary: Here, “explanation of” is equated with “interpretation.”</p>

<p> “an explanation of how the machine works” (Encarta World English Dictionary, North American Edition (2003); [explanation</a> definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta](<a href=“http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?lextype=3&search=explanation]explanation”>http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?lextype=3&search=explanation))
Commentary: An explication of the way in which the machine functions is being indicated here. If the reason for the machine’s functioning were being indicated, the phrase would be, “an explanation for why the machine works.”</p>

<p> “The explanation of what had happened took some time.” (Encarta World English Dictionary, North American Edition (2003); [explanation</a> definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta](<a href=“http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?lextype=3&search=explanation]explanation”>http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?lextype=3&search=explanation))
Commentary: The indication here is that the explication or description of what occurred took some time. If the explanation for something were being indicated, the sentence would be, “The explanation for why it had happened took some time.”</p>

<p> “Could you give me a quick explanation of how it works?” (Cambridge International Dictionary of English (2002); [explanation</a> - Definition of explanation noun from Cambridge Dictionary Online: Free English Dictionary and Thesaurus](<a href=“http://dictionary.cambridge.org/define.asp?key=27087&dict=CALD]explanation”>http://dictionary.cambridge.org/define.asp?key=27087&amp;dict=CALD))
Commentary: Again, if the explanation for something were being indicated (i.e., the cause), the sentence would be, “Could you give me a quick explanation for why it works?”</p>

<p> Corresponding definition: “something that explains; a statement made to clarity something and make it understandable; exposition” “an explanation of a poem” (Random House Unabridged Dictionary (1997); [explanation:</a> meaning and definitions — Infoplease.com](<a href=“http://dictionary.infoplease.com/explanation]explanation:”>explanation: Meaning and Definition of | Infoplease))
Commentary: The interpretation or explication of the poem is being offered, not a reason for the poem’s existence.</p>

<p> “She gave a detailed explanation of the administration’s health-care proposal.” (Cambridge Dictionary of American English (2002); <a href=“http://dictionary.cambridge.org/define.asp?key=explain*1+0&dict=A[/url]”>http://dictionary.cambridge.org/define.asp?key=explain*1+0&amp;dict=A&lt;/a&gt;)
Commentary: An explication of the proposal is being given not the proposal’s cause.</p>

<p> Entry is example phrase for “explanation” when used in synonymy with “description, report, definition, demonstration, teaching, resolution, interpretation, illustration, clarification, exposition, simplification, explication, [and] elucidation.” “his lucid explanation of the mysteries of cricket” (Collision Thesaurus of the English Language – Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition (2002); [explanation</a> - definition of explanation by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.](<a href=“Explanation]explanation - definition of explanation]explanation by The Free Dictionary”>Explanation - definition of explanation by The Free Dictionary))
Commentary: This is an example sentence for “explanation” when the word is used to mean “description, report, definition, demonstration, teaching, resolution, interpretation, illustration, clarification, exposition, simplification, explication, [or] education.” None of these relate to cause.</p>

<p>“explanation for”:</p>

<p> Entry is definition of “gloss,” whose definition in this case is synonymic with “apologize, rationalize, justify, [and] excuse.” “give a deceptive explanation or excuse for” (Princeton WordNet 3.0 (2008); [gloss</a> - definition of gloss by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.](<a href=“Gloss]gloss - definition of gloss]gloss by The Free Dictionary”>Gloss - definition of gloss by The Free Dictionary))
Commentary: “explanation for” is being equated with “excuse” here. A deceptive excuse is being given, not a deceptive explication of the wrongdoing itself. This is the closest context yet to the disputed question, but there are subtle differences.</p>

<p> Entry is example sentence for “explanation” when used in synonymy with “reason, meaning, cause sense, account, excuse, motive, justification, vindication, [and] mitigation” and when used to indicate “they why and wherefore.” “The president has given no explanation for his behavior.” (Collins thesaurus of the English Language – Complete and unabridged 2nd Edition (2002); (Princeton WordNet 3.0 (2008); [explanation</a> - definition of explanation by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.](<a href=“Explanation]explanation - definition of explanation]explanation by The Free Dictionary”>Explanation - definition of explanation by The Free Dictionary))
Commentary: This is an example sentence for “explanation” when used in synonymy with “reason, meaning, cause sense, account, excuse, motive, justification, vindication, [and] mitigation” and when used to indicate “the why and wherefore.” This fits perfectly with the question in dispute: an offering of cause is indicated here.</p>

<p> Entry is definition of “account.” “To provide an explanation or justification for” (American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Forth Edition (2009); (Princeton WordNet 3.0 (2008); [account</a> - definition of account by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.](<a href=“Account]account - definition of account]account by The Free Dictionary”>Account - definition of account by The Free Dictionary))
Commentary: “explanation for” is being equated with “justification for.” This also fits well: an offering of cause is indicated.</p>

<p> “What was her explanation for why she was late?” (Cambridge International Dictionary of English (2002); [explanation</a> - Definition of explanation noun from Cambridge Dictionary Online: Free English Dictionary and Thesaurus](<a href=“http://dictionary.cambridge.org/define.asp?key=27087&dict=CALD]explanation”>http://dictionary.cambridge.org/define.asp?key=27087&amp;dict=CALD))
Commentary: An explanation of the way in which she was late is not being indicated here. The reason for her being late is, and this example thus matches the question in dispute.</p>

<p> “to find an explanation for a mystery” (Random House Unabridged Dictionary (1997); [explanation:</a> meaning and definitions — Infoplease.com](<a href=“http://dictionary.infoplease.com/explanation]explanation:”>http://dictionary.infoplease.com/explanation))
Commentary: One doesn’t look for an explication or description of a mystery; he or she looks for the cause of the mysterious occurrence. Again, this fits the question in dispute.</p>

<p> “An explanation is also a reason or an excuse for doing something: He had no explanation for his absence the day before.” (Cambridge Dictionary of American English (2002); <a href=“http://dictionary.cambridge.org/define.asp?key=explain*1+0&dict=A[/url]”>http://dictionary.cambridge.org/define.asp?key=explain*1+0&amp;dict=A&lt;/a&gt;)
Commentary: the boy was unable to give the reason for his absence. This fits the question in dispute.</p>

<p> “That was supposedly the explanation for their misdeeds.” (The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition (2009); [explanation</a> - definition of explanation by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.](<a href=“Explanation]explanation - definition of explanation]explanation by The Free Dictionary”>Explanation - definition of explanation by The Free Dictionary))
Commentary: An offering of the reason for the misdeeds is being given, not an explication of the way in which the misdeeds took place. This fits the question in dispute.</p>

<p>The first five results on Google.com for “explanation of”:</p>

<p> “Einstein’s Explanation of Brownian Motion” (Written by Andrew J. Dolgert, Professor of Physics at the University of Virginia; [Einstein’s</a> Explanation of Brownian Motion](<a href=“http://galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu/more_stuff/Applets/brownian/brownian.html]Einstein’s”>http://galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu/more_stuff/Applets/brownian/brownian.html))
Commentary: Einstein is explicating how Brownian motion works, not providing an explanation for why it works the way that it does.</p>

<p> “An Intuitive Explanation of Bayes’ Theorem” (Written by Eleizer S., Yudkowsky, Research Fellow at the Singularity institute for Artificial Intelligence; [Yudkowsky</a> - Bayes’ Theorem](<a href=“http://yudkowsky.net/rational/bayes]Yudkowsky”>An Intuitive Explanation of Bayes’ Theorem – Eliezer S. Yudkowsky))
Commentary: The author is elucidating the implication of the Bayes’ Theorem; he’s not explaining the cause of it.</p>

<p> “A non-technical explanation of RSS” (Staff of Ofzenandcomputing.com; <a href=“Of Zen and Computing - Simply SIMPLE”>Of Zen and Computing - Simply SIMPLE)
Commentary: Again, the article is elucidating RSS, not explaining the cause of it.</p>

<p> “Explanation of the Superintendent of Documents Classification System” (Author not cited; [Explanation</a> of the Superintendent of Documents Classification System](<a href=“http://www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs/fdlp/pubs/explain.html]Explanation”>http://www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs/fdlp/pubs/explain.html))
Commentary: The government article explicates; it doesn’t offer a reason for the system.</p>

<p> “An explanation of Cricket” (Written by David Mar, Former Professor of Physics at the University of Sydney; <a href=“http://www.cs.purdue.edu/homoes/hosking/cricket/explanation.htm[/url]”>http://www.cs.purdue.edu/homoes/hosking/cricket/explanation.htm&lt;/a&gt;)
Commentary: Dr. Mar, in his explanation of cricket, offers an in-depth explication of the game. He does not, however, give the cause of the game.</p>