Am I like hella screwed

Personally, I think you have a very strong chance of getting in as long as your essays are good. Clearly, you are very good at neuroscience related stuff, which your extracurriculars back up. Also, you will be applying with strong test scores at a time when not many people have ACT and SAT, so you will get a boost from your scores. Additionally, one B is not going to cause you to get rejected. Having done all the stuff you did with an illness, you have a good chance of getting in.