I have my better rugs cleaned by an oriental rug dealer who also does restoration. The process has not changed in a thousand years. The rug is hung, then beaten to remove all dust and debris. They then rinse it with a vinegar and water mixture and hang it to dry, then beat it again. The process takes several days. My rugs come back looking fantastic - vinegar will neutralize most odors without causing damage. Perhaps you can hang the rug from a clothesline and give it a through beating. Combine vinegar and water (⅓ vinegar) in a spray bottle and spray the rug liberally - spot clean any areas that are soiled. Let dry and beat again - this may take a few days.
Or, as others have suggested, take it to the cleaners.