I know of no studies.
But I can tell you anecdotally that the “opposite” could be true. Of the kids I know who were discovered to be “exceptional” (not the standard Gifted and Talented-- but truly off the charts) if they were exceptional at 12, they’ve gone on to become exceptional adults.
There is abundant research on this population done by the Center for Talented Youth at Johns Hopkins- so start there. Kids who were scoring 1600’s on their SAT’s at age 12- and what their trajectory looked like after that.
The kids I know who were redshirted-- closer to the mean academically. And my guess (again, anecdotal but I’m sure someone did a study) is that the kid was struggling academically or developmentally- so the decision to hold them back, or make sure that they ended up in a classroom where they were among the oldest— was an easy one. Gives them time to “catch up” to their chronological age. Being older than everyone else doesn’t help if you’re lagging at the traditional benchmarks.