Generally speaking, Canadian schools are less residential; a much higher percentage of students are commuters. Sports are less of a big deal.
In Ontario, Queens and Western would be more like US colleges than would be U of Toronto, U of Ottawa, Carleton, McMaster, York, Wilfred Laurier, or Waterloo, for example.
I think grading is generally tougher at Canadian schools.
Not sure about college credits from American regionally accredited colleges - I think you would need to talk to each university individually to see what they will accept.
Atlantic Canadian schools used to grant bachelors degrees in three years. I am not sure if that is still the case.