Hello helpful_poetry,
Congratulations on your many achievements!
I think you have an academic profile that makes you a competitive applicant to many top schools (as an aside I’m not sure if you are only looking at T20 universities or also LACs, but either way you are competitive.)
Most schools have a “why us” (or words to that effect) essay prompt. I believe you will be far less competitive at any of the top 20s if your primary basis for applying to them was their high rank. They want to see that you have actually studied the schools, studied your own self, and thoughtfully tried to match student with institution.
Please consider reading this paper from Stanford education researchers.
In a nutshell, it argues rank, selectivity, and perceived prestige should not be the primary factors in choosing a college. Instead they recommend selecting on the basis of fit, specifically in terms of potential for maximizing engagement.
You’ve probably heard the term “fit” in the context of college searches before. It can mean a lot of things, but this paper cites six key opportunities for engagement identified by Gallup-Purdue studies that are key to “thriving in life after college" (p17.) My advice is to research which colleges match your interests and learning style with regards to these recommended experiences. I believe that will help you identify what schools might be best for you personally as well as inform more compelling essays.
Here are the six experiences (also p17), and some suggestions on how to think about them:
“1. Taking a course with a professor who makes learning exciting.”
Ask yourself which teachers have made learning exciting to you in high school and why. Was it mostly because they were unusually expert? Unusually interactive in the classroom? Unusually personable outside it? Now ask yourself which schools might recreate what you liked most and what sorts of trade-offs you could expect. Some schools might have classes offered by leaders in the field, but in larger or less interactive classes; others might have smaller classes but the professors might not be as famous, etc.
“2. Working with professors who care about students personally.”
Smaller schools tend to have an advantage on this one, especially the LACs that only have undergrads but still offer research and independent study opportunities. However, it can happen anywhere, and the degree to which you care about being cared about might not be the same as someone else. Still, it’s probably worth asking yourself which teachers seemed to care most about you in high school, how that care was demonstrated, and at which colleges you think something like that is most likely to recur.
“3. Finding a mentor who encourages students to pursue personal goals.”
I think one way to research this would be to look at what profs at specific colleges are doing things you find of interest. Review their individual web pages. They might mention students they are working with or advising. If it’s a university, do they mention undergrads? Sometimes on their publications page they will denote which co-authors are grad students vs undergrads.
“4. Working on a project across several semesters.”
Most schools have options for independent projects. A subset have them built into the required curriculum. Still fewer have ways to peek at titles of past projects so you can get a sense of what students actually do. If you’ve done an independent project before, ask yourself what helped or was an obstacle. Some people like having more structure, which is probably more likely at a school where such projects are a standard curriculum component.
“5. Participating in an internship that applies classroom learning.”
What can you glean from a college’s website about the frequency and quality of internship opportunities they advertise? You might want to try reading the weekly newsletter for the departments of interest across different schools. They can reveal quite a bit!
“6. Being active in extracurricular activities.”
Which activities do you hope to continue or start anew? They are probably offered at all or most of the schools on your list, but some will be more regular than others, some will require competing for a spot, etc. Do you prefer sampling many different things or more selectivity in ECs? I will add that it might be helpful to consider the effects of living on or off campus in terms of engaging with student activities regularly. There’s a lot of housing variability, even within peer schools. A school may guarantee housing, but is it on campus, or 20 min away?
I agree with those (like the authors of the Stanford paper) recommending a focus on fit to drive long-term value from a college experience. Based on personal experiences and all sources I’m aware of, “why us” essays showing sensitivity towards fit will generally fare considerably better than those focusing on rank. I hope the above examples and suggestions are of some use to you.
Good luck!