The organization of introductory CS courses does vary considerably across colleges (UCs, CSUs, community colleges, non-California public colleges, and private colleges).
However, community colleges are more likely to offer courses similar to those of a nearby UC or CSU when it comes to transferable CS courses. You may want to check https://www.assist.org to see how the courses at the local community college transfer to various UCs and CSUs. Note that a course can be UC transferable, but not give specific course subject credit at a particular UC (i.e. will only count as credit units if transferred there). Lower division CS courses for CS majors will typically include programming and data structures course(s) and a computer organization / machine structures course. A discrete math course (which may be in the math or CS department) as well as calculus and linear algebra are also typical requirements. Engineering-based CS majors will typically have additional math and non-CS science requirements.
AP CS principles = general introduction to CS suitable for non-majors and those who want to get an overview of CS before deciding whether to major in CS.
AP CS A = programming and data structures in Java.
AP CS AB (discontinued) = programming and data structures in Java with additional more advanced material.
A transferable college course, like an AP course, will be counted as an honors course for UC recalculation of high school GPA. UC counts a one semester college course as one course and grade, but CSU counts a one semester college course as two courses and two grades.