How many credits are required to graduate with a bachelor’s degree? Divide that number by 120 to get how many of that college’s credits are equivalent to 1 semester credit hour as is commonly used by many colleges.
Transfer credit is likely to be denied if the courses are remedial level or not in a subject considered “academic” by the receiving college (some colleges deny credit if they do not offer courses in that subject). However, it is also possible for transfer credit to be accepted as credit, but not considered equivalent to a specific course (subject credit), so they can only be used to fulfill general credits or sometimes requirements like “a history course” (for a prior-college history course that is accepted for credit but not equivalent to any of the current college’s history courses).
Given the type of courses you list, it is unlikely that you will lose credit, but you may not get full subject credit for them.
Others can help you better if you name the college and the courses.
AP scores will be re-evaluated by the new college using its AP credit policy if you transfer.
Depends on the college. Note that merit scholarships tend to be less available for transfer students than frosh. Many (but probably not all) colleges do offer need-based aid on a similar basis for transfers and frosh, but if your current financial aid package is merit scholarship based or semi-merit based (including preferential packaging of nominally need-based financial aid), you may find that colleges you transfer to will offer less.