<p>Deborah:</p>
<p>Almost everything you read about “bulking up” or “the pump” or other similar references to weight lifting comes from the meathead, bro’ science world of bodybuilding (think Arnold). For the last 50 years, that world has been universally driven by steroid use. It’s a truly horrible place to turn for fitness guidance.</p>
<p>For normal people, it is very hard to add mass or “bulk up” from strength training, even more so for people over 50. And, doubly hard for women. The process is so slow that you could easily look in the mirror and just cut back on your lifting - although the vast majority of us could only dream of having that problem.</p>
<p>There’s virtually no research (outside of drug-fueled steroid-abusing bodybuilding circles) on what is really the ideal combination of weight and reps to maximize or minimize muscle size or muscle strength. Virtually everything you read is completely unfounded.</p>
<p>Personally, I think there is merit in varying workouts over time and using a range of rep ranges because they attack different areas of fitness – strength versus muscle endurance. </p>
<p>So, at the low end, I do workouts with 6 rep sets. I don’t go under 6 based on Mike Boyle’s advice that any additional gain would be offset by increased injury risk as you approach the limits of what you can physically lift just two or three times. At the other end, I do workouts with 15 rep sets, which can take 30 to 60 seconds are very taxing for endurance.</p>
<p>The key is to pick whatever size weight that allows you to keep decent form for the entire set, but is heavy enough to be a struggle on the final rep or two. So, obviously, I use a heavier weight for 6 rep sets and a lighter weight for 15 rep sets.</p>
<p>Another way to do this is start with 6 rep sets with a weight that heavy enough to struggle. Then, over time, keep the weight the same, but increase to 8, then 10, then 12 reps, etc. When you get to 12 -15 reps with that weight, grab a heavier weight, go back to 6 reps and start over.</p>
<p>BTW, the steroid-fueled bodybuilder bro’ science says high reps with lighter weights to make a muscle bulk up, but I seriously doubt there’s any validity to that for normal people.</p>