I know for certain Michigan State does this. There was an article in their student paper at one point about it–they can preduct what your Michigan State GPA will be based on your profile coming out of high school. Obviously this only works at high schools that send a lot of kids there.
Also one of the Michican St admissions people spoke at our school pre-covid and he stated something along the lines of we keep going lower in your class (at first we only took top x% and then top 50% and then …) and as we go lower we are still seeing great success on our campus. We are a large public in Illinois. So they are tracking!
I am under the impression that many large publics have this sort of info and can easily crunch these numbers. Part of it is that they are required to compile and report a lot of this information as a public institution. It depends on the school whether it is hidden behind a password or available to nosey parents (like me). I was searching this data to see whether certain demographics are returning for sophomore year and graduating in certain majors. (I have a D22 in CS so we were always looking for programs that had a cohort of women.) Somethimes I could get that info and sometimes I couldn’t. But I’m sure the universities know!