For some, nothing.
For some a transcript. For many, it’s self reported.
Others, a test score. For some, it’s self reported.
For some, financials - including bank statements, brokerage statements etc.
It depends on the school and you need to check each for their requirements.
In most cases, the financials - if it’s a school where you seek aid. They’ll need that in advance.
For the school attended, you’ll definitely need a final transcript and test score sent to verify what you told them about grades and schedule. Some will want a transcript and test score up front as well.
Each school will explain their process on their website.
Good luck.