The sense in which your school context matters is complicated. For some colleges, it might not matter much as long as you otherwise are what they are looking for. For other colleges, they might take a deeper dive into what was available to you, and the most selective may well be looking for people who have challenged themselves as available across all the core areas.
But usually when I have seen college AOs discuss this issue, they have in some way acknowledged that not every kid will take every advanced class at high schools with a lot of advanced classes. Different kids will make different choices, going farther in some areas versus others, and that is fine.
OK, so getting to MVC at all is unusual for most high schools. Getting to it before senior year is even more unusual. Getting to it by 10th more unusual still. And not that no one ever does it, but no college, not even the most math intense, is going to have that as a standard requirement.
So then what about the idea of challenging yourself? Well, that is complicated, but I am skeptical that you would have to take MVC in 10th in order to have what overall looked like a very challenging curriculum, even if other people at your HS did get to MVC in 10th.
That said, this is really something that should be evaluated in light of your entire curriculum. Like, what else are you taking? Are you challenging yourself in the other four core areas, Natural Sciences, English, History/Social Sciences, and Languages? And so on.
As a final thought, in terms of what you should do . . . in the end how you do in HS is important. Not that you have to be perfect, and you should take some risks, but it is important to only REASONABLY challenge yourself. Reasonably challenging yourself means taking the classes where you will be challenged, but collectively only to a degree that is consistent with an overall healthy and happy HS experience, one where you are also developing physically, emotionally, socially, ethically, and so on.
And in fact, a lot of the more selective colleges really pay attention to that sort of development, and prefer kids who they think are relatively mature, have sustainable habits, are social, and so on.
So if you do that, you will have good college choices. If you fail to do that, you might actually have worse college choices. Or at least no better.
So reasonably challenge yourself, do your reasonable best, focus on healthy development in ALL those ways, and trust you will be able to find multiple great college options for you. Because if do that, you will.