Consider the option of incompletes, which can be a boon (student finishes up the work over the summer, gets the credits), or a bust (student won’t do the work, no matter what, and they eventually wind up with an F).
In the past, one of my kids withdrew from a class (physical illness during a very heavy semester), and regretted it later on, realized after the fact that they should have taken an incomplete, and finish the rest of the work up later on).