When you are looking at research-oriented degrees, the most important criterion is the area of research available in the program and the professors who are potential mentors. If you have a good and well-regarded research advisor, you will be able to find a good position after graduation. As far as funding goes, if the program accepts you but does not offer funding, then you should not go. If they do offer funding, it will most likely be sufficient for the locale. Of course you can compare different offers once you have them in hand but no one can tell you what those offers will be before you apply.
Getting accepted depends on your college GPA, your GRE scores but most importantly your research experience and whether you have strong letters of reference from faculty at your undergraduate institution. Some programs are highly selective because they have so many applicants and they will be harder to get into. Other, equally good programs might be much easier to enter simply because they are not the ones that everyone wants to get into.
There is no compendium of the kind of information that you seek, the last reasonable survey was done by the national Research Council in 2007 so it is quite out of date. However if you want to look at the http://phds.org site, you might get an initial idea from these old data. Instead, you need to look up papers that arein the field you want to enter and then see where the authors are located. You can also start by asking your faculty mentors about what schools might be a good fit for your interest and ability.