@kactus - Welcome to the Forum! have you been working in the field since graduation besides ORISE? If so, then that work experience and your upward trend in GPA should help offset the overall marginal GPA. A strong GRE score will help but with the most selective programs it is always hard to get in. I am not in the field so I cannot tell you how selective each of the programs you list might be but you want to have at least on where there are not so many applicants so your portfolio will be looked over thoroughly.