Good physics/astronomy school with merit

I am very confused by your list when combined with your post of only having a $20,000 budget and not qualifying for institutional grant aid. Without absolutely exceptional ECs, your student will not be in the running for most schools’ competitive scholarships. The kids awarded those scholarships are students on par with elite admits which takes far more than test scores and GPA. So, when eliminating the handful of extremely competitive scholarships these schools offer, Case costs ~$66k and offers a max scholarship of around $30k; UMD costs $52k and offers $12,500; UDel costs $50k and offers approx $13k. I didn’t look at UH’s. The other 3 I am familiar with bc we looked at them for our kids. (Ds applied to Case and was offered $30k.)

If you really want to get your costs down to your budget, you are going to have to look at schools that offer close to full tuition merit. My Dd, for example,was offered full tuition to Fordham but even so our costs plus travel expenses would still have been $20k. You can guesstimate $12-15k for room and board, then add in books, travel expenses, and possible health insurance if your personal policy won’t qualify for a waiver. You can pretty much land at a solid $15k on avg even with a full tuition scholarship.

UAH would have lots of sun. UAlabama is another school to look at.

Fwiw, GT has an Oct 15th merit deadline and Nov 1-15th are typical deadlines for merit.