@greenwitch, this is a common misconception. These universities are nonprofits, and therefore don’t run significant surpluses. Whatever revenues they earn, from tuition, grants, endowment income, etc., they spend, on financial aid, academic programming, facilities, etc. Sure, Harvard could decide to make tuition free for everyone - they’d just have to make enormous cuts to departments, staff, facilities, etc., to do it, and would fall behind other comparable institutions in these areas.
Unless other comparable universities made tuition free, and accepted that they would have smaller faculties, reduced missions and worse facilities because of it, why would Harvard be the first, when many more brilliant kids than they can admit are lining up to pay full freight and attend a university that they expect to offer the greatest possible number of opportunities to them? If Harvard makes tuition free for everyone, it means they can’t, for example, afford to build that cutting-edge science lab, or hire those great faculty. If your family makes under about $100k, you’ll pay very little to go to Harvard - it’s cheaper to you than many state schools because of the aid it offers - and you’ll attend a university almost without peer in terms of the academic and other opportunities it offers its undergraduates. This is the balance Harvard has chosen to strike with the resources available to it.
When the financial crisis hit, Harvard’s endowment fell substantially in value, meaning that the income available from it to support the operating budget was significantly reduced, and major budget cuts had to be made across the board, affecting everything from faculty appointments to hot breakfasts. The academic complex the university had planned to build across the river in Allston had to be left as a parking lot and only recently has the situation stabilized sufficiently (in part because of large gifts received) for them to restart it. The Faculty of Arts and Sciences (which includes Harvard College) still runs at a deficit, subsidized by other parts of the university. Nothing is free.
@Iglooo - by your argument, the richest universities (which happen to be the best-regarded while being among the cheapest to attend for their poorest students, as noted above), should be taxed on the gifts they receive and consequently prevented from offering the best education they can…because you say so. I would like Harvard to continue to be the best university it can be, so I disagree.