You are confusing an AP class, which prepares you to sit the AP exam. AP exams are held only in May every year, and that is the only way to get college credit for them.
Also, many of the classes you list do not have an AP exam. From your list of classes you were possibly eligible to take the AP exam in:
Calculus (AB)
English language
English literature
Chemistry
World History
US History
US Government
Every college has it’s own rules as to whether they will give credit towards graduation, and how much credit they will give, and it is often tied to your score on the AP exam.
No college will give you college credit just for classes that you took in high school.
You don’t retake all those classes. Are you attending a college now, or are you applying?
If you are attending a college, go to your advisor, and go through the graduation requirements for whatever you are studying. Your advisor will help you figure out what classes you still need to take. For example, if you need to take Chemistry, my guess is that the four classes you took in high school will be covered by two classes (Chem 101 & 102, both with lab). You won’t have lost everything: college classes are typically faster than high school classes, and the things you learned in high school will help you in college.
If you are applying to colleges, once you have been accepted and enrolled you will be given an advisor who will work with you to figure out what classes you need to take to graduate.
tl;dr: if you didn’t take a 3 hour exam in May during high school you won’t have AP credits.