In the US, the programs for students who are admitted to a transition year where they improve their English are cash cows, ie., money makers. As a result, you cannot get a loan for them, they’re for students whose parents can afford to be full pay.
These programs exist in the UK (International Foundation Years) and allow you to get a degree in 4 years; Scottish universities (where regumar degrees are 4 years) have a similar system but you graduate in 4 years like everyone else, not 5. However there is no financial aid, or small scholarships, depending on where you apply.
In the US, you need to learn English before you even try to apply. You need a score of 100-120 on duolingo (or equivalent IELTS or TOEFL) by October of a year you apply, ie., almost a year before you start. You must prep on your own and there’s no financial aid for the test. Duolingo is the least expensive but sirll not insignificantly costly so you need to prepare very well before you take it to ensure you score high enough right away.
Basically, you watch TV series in English with English subtitles then you remive the subtitles, you write every day, you read books in English, and you use practice test books for the test you’re preparing for.
That’s just one part - as you noticed, the commonapp is very complicated and you need 2 years to prepare (write an essay then rewrite and edit; write your “brag sheet”, select your recommending teachers; have extracurricular achievements; etc.)