In our HS kids pick their classes and the counselors make sure that they are in line with New York State requirements, which include learning a foreign language. Most years the classes my kids wanted to take, vs what they were able to take due to scheduling issues weren’t quite the same, but they were close. I really hold your school responsible for not making sure graduates with college potential don’t have the minimum high school credits for admission. (But maybe they saw you as a C student not as your SAT score.)
That said, if you can take a community college language course next term, that would be better than nothing. Some schools may be flexible and read your application anyway. The only way to be really sure is to call the admissions offices and ask. Alternatively, you could go to a CC first and then transfer. Or take a gap year, work and take a language at the same time.