My view is that we are currently in a correction period. Something of a bubble during and post-Covid, and now the pullback. It stinks to be in the cohort when there is a pullback, but I don’t believe the answers to either of your questions is “Yes”.
There are always labor shortages, even during periods of high unemployment. That’s how a market economy works. During recessions in places like the former Soviet Union there were labor shortages and overages as well- it’s just that nobody publicized the body count. So you had concert pianists mowing the lawns in public parks, and historians working as custodians. Anything to make sure that the overall number was “100% employed”.
I suspect that when the current market corrects, we will learn that in fact, we have produced too many CS grads. There was so much froth in tech hiring– for 10-12 years by my count, that every kid who didn’t like blood (so no med school), didn’t like to read (so no law school) decided that CS was the answer.
Of course, not every kid who wanted to major in CS ended up doing that- but many of them ended up in “IT adjacent fields” which to ambitious parents sounded just as good. There was an explosion on campuses- the need to hire more faculty, just as it became difficult to hire faculty because the salaries for PhD’s in industry were exploding at the same time.
But now here we are. Big Tech is shedding– some publicly, some quietly. The froth is off the VC world’s enthusiasm for the next big thing, unless it’s AI adjacent which means there are a LOT of “could be successful” startups that aren’t getting funded. And where Big Tech goes, so do the ancillary fields- the bankers who work on bond issues, stock buy backs; the real estate companies which own and operate tech appropriate office space; the wide range of “business services”– competitive research, accounting firms, etc. that serve tech.
So I think once the current malaise is over, tech will be MUCH smaller, and everyone else will normalize as well.
I’ve heard from colleagues that the next “big wave” is going to be that old and worn shoe– Global Affairs/Diplomacy with extra points going to students with fluency in “strategic languages”. If the current political situation has taught large corporations anything, it’s that they need people on staff who can help decipher what is going on in the world. The Strait of Hormuz closes- what does that mean for companies which trade soybeans and corn futures? The price of natural gas is going up- which countries benefit and how? Tariffs are a moving target- but do we expand our production facilities in Viet Nam, or open a shuttered factory in Akron OH? The Chinese EV vehicles are building market share faster than the analysts predicted. What do we know about the current political situation in China and why did the analysts get it wrong?
So my money is on History, regional studies, foreign languages, global affairs, poli sci. When the folks in your own government who are supposed to understand these things clearly don’t- and seemingly don’t care about NATO, our post-WWII alliances, intelligence sharing, etc. companies will need to hire their own people who do.
OR- agronomy, marine biology, anything water/ecology related.. At the end of the day, the one thing AI will not be able to do is produce a loaf of bread, a bowl of rice, or a platter of green beans. It will facilitate producing those things, but it can’t do it by itself. So experts in marine life, seed technology, less water intensive agriculture- sounds like a winner to me.