Macbook Air vs. PC for political science major

Mac is more reliable, Windows is cheaper. Actually, if you only want to do the kind of stuff you listed you might be best-served with a Chromebook. They’re cheap, lightweight and much less vulnerable to viruses than either (if you need to turn in a .docx you can download Google Docs as docx).

Most modern computers should have no difficulty lasting for four years; it’s just a matter of how responsible you are using it (which especially applies to Windows, and a little bit to Mac as well).