Israel doesn’t allow women in combat positions as far as I know, but women do everything else, again keep in mind that in the military, for every person in combat, you need multiples of people behind the lines, it is roughly 10 to 1…and for every support position you fill, potentially frees up more people for combat. Even assuming you don’t want women in combat, they already do a ton of support positions like that, so if we drafted women, then we could free up men for combat (and again, I am not saying I think women shouldn’t be allowed in combat).
The draft was never meant to be a rapid thing, it is why they have reserves, they can call up reserves and national guard faster than they can draft (it is what happened in Korea, if I recall correctly). The peacetime draft was a lot smaller than the wartime one, and was designed to be the basis for any armed action, then they would open the draft up further to handle the situation at hand.
" I would think that many of the men coming out of the depression era when the draft was started in September 1940 were also not in shape for military service. " No, they weren’t, when the first draft happened in 1939, almost 50% of the candidates were 4F, and a large majority of those were caused by malnutrition (William Manchester wrote about it in his book “The Glory and the Dream”, and he used that to counter some of the recent day propoganda about how the depression wasn’t so bad, it showed how bad it was and also how ill prepared the depression left us. They probably were a lot less picky later on.
In a sense, what we have today with the all volunteer force is what we had with the draft let’s say back in the 1950’s, they are the basis for most fighting, and the draft is simply a fallback if the US has needed beyond which the volunteer forces can handle. I don’t think we are going to face that scale of fighting, unless we decided to open up full scale campaigns in every place with issues, which some less than astute politicians seem to suggest to make themselves look tough, I doubt we will get to that point. That said, I think that having selective service registration for men and women is both a sign of fairness, and also gives us a large pool to take from if needed, whether or not women are going into combat or not.