<p>Id- basics unconcious desires food, sex, etc</p>
<p>Ego- regulate the desires of the Id and the concience of the superego. Also protects the mind from things that would be too painful by using defense mechanisms</p>
<p>Superego- concience, do what’s right</p>
<p>Ok what is the activation synthesis and info processing theories of dreams?</p>
<p>Activation synthesis says that basically dreams brain’s interpretations of what is occuring during the REM sleep.
Info processing theory says that we process the information we get during the day. So, higher levels of stress during the day yeilds more dreams. Babies have to process a lot of info everyday so they sleep a lot more than adults.</p>
<p>Explain the five reflexes found in babies but fade away when they grow older.</p>
<p>rooting, sucking, babinski…all I can think of.</p>
<p>sucking, Babinski (stroking foot = toes spread out), rooting (head turns when cheek is touched), grasping (palmar reflex) and Moro reflex (hands/feet fly up or forward at a loud sound)</p>
<p>Describe the two-component theory of emotion.</p>
<p>two-component theory of emotion- to feel emotion we must notice the stimuli and cognitively label it.</p>
<p>Semantic, acoustic, and visual encoding</p>
<p><a href=“SparkNotes: Today's Most Popular Study Guides”>SparkNotes: Today's Most Popular Study Guides;
<p>you guys can take a practice AP psych test online…they give you results right away and you can see what you missed, etc. Click on the AP Psychology link</p>
<p>semantic encoding-understanding/processing info by meaningfulness
acoustic …-…by sound
visual…-…by what you see</p>
<p>Barnum effect? Premack principle?</p>
<p>Premack Principle: a more desireable reinforcer can be use to reinforce a less desirable one- in other words: each person has different view on the reinforcement; it can be good or bad</p>
<p>Barnum effect: the observation that individuals will give high accuracy ratings to descriptions of their personality that supposedly are tailored specifically for them, but are in fact vague and general enough to apply to a wide range of people.= this can be correlated with the astrology crap</p>
<p>whorfian hypothesis.</p>
<p>hmm do you know of a site with terms? neither premack or whorfian hyptohesis is in my textbook. do we have to know those?</p>
<p>whats a whorfian hypothesis? Never even heard that before</p>
<p>Does anyone know how important names are on this test?</p>
<p>Are there any psychologists we shoudl be particulrly familiar with?</p>
<p>I think Whorfian hypothesis refers to Whorf’s (Benjamin perhaps?) linguistic relativity idea, i.e. that the language we speak can limit what we can think about/how we think.</p>
<p>can anyone explain the process of perception, like how it enters cornea, etc.?</p>
<p>let’s go over the main ones</p>
<p>Mary Ainsworth (Developmental) – human baby attachment (secure attachment -66%, avoidant attachment -21%, anxious/ambivalent attachment - 12%)</p>
<p>Alfred Binet (Developmental, Testing) – Creator of the first intelligence test</p>
<p>Erik Erikson (Developmental) – Psychosocial stage theory of development (eight stages), Neo-Freudian</p>
<p>Lawrence Kohlberg (Developmental) – Stage theory of moral development (preconventional, conventional, and postconventional) </p>
<p>Carol Gilligan (Developmental) – Challenged Kohlberg’s moral development theory (Kohlberg only based it on boys)</p>
<p>Harry Harlow (Developmental) – experimented with infant monkeys and attachment </p>
<p>Jean Piaget (Developmental) – Stage theory of cognitive development (sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, and formal operations) </p>
<p>Solomon Asch (Social) – Conformity experiment, Impression formation study (the cold or kind professor)</p>
<p>Stanley Milgram (Social) – Obedience studies (participants think they are shocking a learner) </p>
<p>Albert Bandura (Learning, Personality) – Modeling, reciprocal determinism (triadic reciprocality), self-efficacy (high self-efficacy means optimistic to get things done) </p>
<p>Ivan Pavlov (Learning) – Classical conditioning studies with dogs and salivation</p>
<p>Robert Rescorla (Learning) – Revised Pavlovian contiguity model of classical conditioning </p>
<p>B.F. Skinner (Learning) – Operant conditioning, Skinner Box</p>
<p>John Watson (Learning) – Father of behaviorism, Baby Albert experiment – classically conditioned fear in Albert</p>
<p>Noam Chomsky (Cognition) – Theorized the critical period hypothesis for language acquisition</p>
<p>Elizabeth Loftus (Cognition) – Demonstrated flaws of eyewitness testimony and constructive memory </p>
<p>Benjamin Whorf (Cognition) – Linguistic relativity hypothesis (language controls our thinking)</p>
<p>Sigmund Freud (Personality, States of Consciousness) – Psychosexual stage theory of personality (oral, anal, phallic, and adult genital), unconscious, sexual drive, psychoanalytic therapy, theory of dreaming</p>
<p>David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel (Sensation and Perception) – Discovered feature detectors (group of neurons in visual cortex that respond to different types of visual images)</p>
<p>Abraham Maslow (Motivation and Emotion, Treatment of Psychological disorders) – Humanistic psychologist, Hierarchy of needs (from the top – SEBEP: Self-actualization, Esteem needs, Belongingness, Safety needs, Physiological needs -) </p>
<p>Stanley Schacter (Motivation and Emotion) – Two-factor theory for emotion</p>
<p>Carl Rogers (Treatment of Psychological Disorders, Personality) – Humanistic psychologist, person-centered therapy and unconditional positive regard, self theory of personality (one can self actualize only if they receive unconditional positive regard)</p>
<p>William James (History of Psychology) – published the first psychology book</p>
<p>Willhelm Wundt (History of Psychology) – Set up the first psychological laboratory</p>
<p>very helpful thanks, are there any ‘minor’ ones you can think of?</p>
<p>Charles Spearman (Intelligence) – G factor - the single factor of intelligence that’s derived by factor analysis </p>
<p>Howard Gardner (Intelligence) – multiple intelligences (linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, naturalist) </p>
<p>Robert Sternberg (Intelligence) – triarchic theory - three types of intelligence exist: componential (analytic) intelligence, experiential intelligence, practical intelligence</p>
<p>James and Lange (Emotion) – James-Lange theory: biological change -> emotion </p>
<p>Canon and Bard (Emotion) – Canon-Bard theory: emotion->biological change </p>
<p>Hans Seyle (Emotion) – General adaptation syndrome – general response in animals to have stressful event</p>
<p>for the cannon-bard theory, emotion and biological changes occur simultaneously</p>
<p>what’s the difference between anteriograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia?</p>
<p>anterograde is that you cannot form new memories after an accident (will be unable to remember things for no more than a few seconds), but you don’t lose anything prior to the accident.</p>
<p>retrograde is you lose everything before the accident, all prior memories.</p>
<p>** How many phonemes and morphemes are in the word “trees”</p>
<p>two morphemes - one unit of meaning is tree ; the other is ‘s’</p>
<p>one phoneme ?!?</p>
<p>i actually got 4 when i wrote it out…</p>
<p>“t” - “r” - “ee” - “s” (the sounds)</p>
<p>and yeah - 2 morphemes, one for the root, another for the “s” making it plural trees</p>