In terms of undergraduate experience, CAS Econ and Wharton are incredibly different. Wharton has a set of core courses that focus on business, whereas the College focuses on the liberal arts education. In Wharton, you’ll take management, finance, information systems, etc. courses as part of your core; the College has its own set of requirements. Take a look at each school’s website to see the core curricula of each in detail.
In terms of job prospects, Econ grads and Wharton grads, when entering the same fields, receive comparable salaries, and there is virtually no job that someone in Wharton could get that an Econ major couldn’t, and vice-versa (no matter how much anybody tells you it matters, it simply doesn’t), assuming interests are the same.