Great summary @hunt!
@ucbalumnus “Biblical literalism could be an issue for the student in some STEM fields like biology and physics with respect to origin of the universe and life.”
The conflicts with science tend to be related to evolution and the age of the earth, so primarily biology and geology.
How life originated (abiogenesis) is not yet known, although there are many hypotheses, and it appears to have only happened once, since all known biological organisms use the same DNA-centered approach to life. Evolution is distinct from how the first replicating organism came to be. It explains how you can get from that first living organism to all the plants, animals, and other living things we see today.
Evolution is understood in great detail and has been considered resolved science for well over 100 years. While many people claim to disagree that evolution has and is happening, to my knowledge, none of them are doing any substantive research that could discredit the theory, even though it would be very easy to disprove if it were not true. For example, demonstrating one credible occurrence of a human having been eaten by a T Rex would be sufficient to disprove evolution.
In reality, no one is actually doing that work because once they take the time to actually read and understand the evidence for evolution, they can see that it is clear and overwhelming. None of this inherently has anything to say about religion, but some religious people believe that it does.