<p>MIT has what are called GIRs (general institute requirements). GIRs consist of 2 semesters of calculus (single and multivariable), 2 semesters of physics (mechanics and e&m), 1 semester of biology, and 1 semester of chemistry (also humanities and lab stuff). There is a little flexibility within the GIRs, but not much. For instance, there are 3 versions of mechanics - 8.01 and 8.01L which both cover the same material but one goes a little slower for people who had a weaker background in high school, and 8.012 which goes more in-depth and is often referred to as “physics for masochists”. Everyone must chose to take one of the three versions offered.</p>
<p>It is very easy to take further math and physics classes. Most majors require further math than the GIRs, and you’ll probably be able to fit in a couple of extra semesters of physics if you really want. Sure, it isn’t <em>required</em>, but a lot of people chose to do this (me, for instance).</p>
<p>As for research, we have this thing called UROP (undergraduate research opportunities program). Undgrads are able to get UROPs (either for credit or pay) during the semester, IAP, or summer. Its really easy to get involved in UROPs (~85% of undergrads do). and UROPs are involved in real research - many even end up publishing papers.</p>
<p>Anyways, I just wanted to clear up those few points. Good luck getting into Caltech if that’s what you want, but I hope you’re happy wherever you end up!</p>