I agree that the ‘who’ should refer to the immediate preceding noun, or ‘resident.’ The father is the resident.
There are students who go to boarding school in other states but remain California residents under their parents. The student, though living in France, can still be a California resident. I’m sure there are more than a few students who do not spend the 366 nights immediately before college in California because they are required to go to a court ordered visitation with a parent OOS, or who work at jobs (like a camp) out of state.