I argue that choice D contains a usage error.</p>
<p>explanation has two, often dichotomic meanings; from Merriam-Websters Online Dictionary on the definition of explanation:</p>
<p>1: the act or process of explaining
2: something that explains </p>
<p>In all of the examples of proper usage offered in Section IV of this Petition, specific semantic discrimination is made in determining whether of or for should be used succeeding explanation: of is used when a description or explication is being offered (i.e., definition (1) from above and a specific form of definition (2)); for is used when a reason is being offered (i.e., a specific form of definition (2)). The specific, respective uses of explanation of and explanation for are as follows: </p>
<ol>
<li><p>explanation of: (a) something that explains, where explain means to describe or define; (b) the act of explaining.</p></li>
<li><p>explanation for: (a) something that explains, where explain means to give the reason for; (b) a justification for something. </p></li>
</ol>
<p>These definitions will serve as the framework to be proven by the dictionary and thesaurus examples herein offered. Throughout this Petition, I will indicate which of the four above meanings is being used in the entries; these semantic indications will be in red text. </p>
<p>Only one dictionary seems to offer an explicit account of when explanation of should be used and when explanation for should be used; from Google Dictionary (words were bolded in original entry; grey text indicates exact material copied from the dictionary):</p>
<p> explanation /'eksplən’eɪʃən/
Synonyms:
o noun: elucidation, explication, interpretation, exposition, gloss, commentary
o explanations plural
- If you give an explanation of something that has happened, you give people reasons for it, especially in an attempt to justify it. N-COUNT oft ‘of/in’ N
She told the court she would give a full explanation of the prosecution’s decision on Monday. +‘of’ (1a)
There was a hint of schoolboy shyness in his explanation. (1b)
`It’s my ulcer,’ he added by way of explanation. (1b)
- If you say there is an explanation for something, you mean that there is a reason for it. N-COUNT
Synonym
reason
The deputy airport manager said there was no apparent explanation for the crash. + ‘for’ (2a)
Digging further into the medical literature, I found out there was a scientific explanation for all this. (2a)
It’s the only explanation I can think of. (2a)
- If you give an explanation of something, you give details about it or describe it so that it can be understood. N-COUNT
Haig was immediately impressed by Charteris’s expertise and by his lucid explanation of the work. + ‘of’ (1b)</p>
<p>Indeed, explanation of is therein used for actions and explanation for is used in synonymy with reason.</p>
<p>These contrasting pairs taken from Section IV concisely demonstrate this rule (note that there has been no self-serving selection; all excerpts from the following sources in which of or for succeeds explanation have been included):</p>
<p>Pair one is from the Random House Dictionary (2009):</p>
<p>an explanation of a poem (1a)</p>
<p>to find an explanation for a mystery (2a)</p>
<p>Pair twos examples are from the Collins Thesaurus of the English Language Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition (2002), only the latter of which is a sample usage sentence for explanation when the word is used to indicate the why and wherefore:</p>
<p>his lucid explanation of the mysteries of cricket (1b) </p>
<p>The president has given no explanation for his behavior. (2b)</p>
<p>Pair three is from the Cambridge International Dictionary of English (2002):</p>
<p>Could you give me a quick explanation of how it works? (1b)</p>
<p>What was her explanation for why she was late? (2b)</p>
<p>Pair fours examples are from the Cambridge Dictionary of American English (2002), only the latter of which is prefaced with, An explanation is also a reason or an excuse for doing something:</p>
<p>She gave a detailed explanation of the administrations health-care proposal. (1b)</p>
<p>He had no explanation for his absence the day before. (2b)</p>
<p>Pair fives examples are from the Cambridge Dictionary of American English (2002); the former is prefaced with, a statement that makes something clear, and the latter is indicated to be an example sentence when explanation is synonymous with reason:</p>
<p>an explanation of photosynthesis that the whole class was able to understand (1a)</p>
<p>when questioned by authorities, the students were unable to give an explanation for their senseless vandalism (2b)</p>
<p>These College Board excerpts offered in Section IV demonstrate the College Boards concept of the proper uses of explanation of and explanation for:</p>
<p>From a College Board press release written by two College Board research scientists (words bolded for emphasis):<br>
Freedle proposes a post-hoc explanation for these smaller differences on hard questions by appropriating the work of Diaz-Guerrero & Szalay (1991) to suggest that the reason for the reduced differences on his measure is the result of the ways that individuals understand words and concepts. (2a)</p>
<p>From a College Board Web page offering advice on the Critical Reading section of the SAT:
For each set of sample materials, you should
read the explanation for the correct answer. (2b)</p>
<p>From a College Board Web page describing the features of the My SAT Study Plan feature:
Explanations for PSAT/NMSQT questions you missed (2b)</p>
<p>From a College Board press release:
There is a simple explanation for this correlation. (2a)</p>
<p>From a College Board press release:
Applicants will submit a detailed description of their project and an explanation of how they will use the funds. (1a)</p>
<p>From the AP United States Government and Politics test instructions:
One point is earned for an explanation of how the House of Congress is most closely tied to citizens. (1a) </p>
<p>Let us now return to the question at issue,</p>
<p>The arrival of swallows in San Juan Capistrano on the same day each spring fascinates scientists, who continue to search for an explanation of the phenomenon. No error,</p>
<p>and apply the distinction that has been established.</p>
<p>Without any context, one could correctly claim that both explanation of the phenomenon and explanation for the phenomenon are correct. In the former form, the conveyance is that one is merely describing the phenomenon; in the latter form, the offering of a reason that the phenomenon exists is being indicated.</p>
<p>There is, however, context that eliminates this ambiguity: the independent clause of the sentence already establishes what the phenomenon is (the arrival of the swallows in San Juan Capistrano on the same day each spring); that is, an explanation as used to mean an elucidating statement (i.e., 1a) would not fit. Furthermore, it is illogical that the scientists would be searching for an explanation of anything (in the sense of 1b), as they would logically be the people attempting to offer this explanation. Scientists observe and study so that they can describe (i.e., offer an explanation of) a phenomenon; they do not search for someones previously completed explanation of something.</p>
<p>What the sentence is instead attempting to convey is that the scientists, despite having knowledge of the swallows arrival each spring (i.e., the phenomenon), do not know for what reason (i.e., 2a) the phenomenon exists (i.e., the why and wherefore). For this reason, an explanation for the is correct, and an explanation of the is incorrect; only the former is consistent with standard written English and the logical meaning of the sentence.</p>
<p>Thus, there is an error in the sentence: choice D contains an error and should therefore be the correct response.