I’m reading elsewhere that it’s $85,000, but regardless, I don’t read the statistics the same way you do. If most of these jobs were adjunct jobs, the average salary would be lower. As to whether a Ph.D. is necessary for non-academic jobs, I couldn’t begin to say, as I am not in that discipline, I would imagine that a doctorate is an advantage, though. Doctorate (PhD), Criminal Justice Salary | PayScale
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