Teacher Recommendations - are they truly helpful?

Think of an LOR bell curve, consisting of a vast undifferentiated middle with a few outliers ranging from: “It is within the realm of possibility that Charles might have learned something had he bothered to complete his assignments;” to: “by leaps and bounds, the most outstanding student in my forty year career.”

The vast majority of LORs are a waste of time, both for the writers and the readers.

The outliers can make a difference.