There will always be jobs in public health, especially with non-profit/charitable organizations. These jobs will not be research oriented jobs but more a down-in-the-trenches program/grant administration or management type jobs.
Epidemiology is going to depend more on your area of training/expertise. A MPH isn’t going to get into blood & guts epidemiology; that requires a PhD and specialized expertise. A MS or PhD in biostatistics is going to be highly employable but it’s a pretty dry and technical field. Lots of numbers crunching and restrospective data analysis.
Academia isn’t terrible place to be! If you want to do basic research, it’s a great place to be. But getting into academia is extremely difficult in the current market. There’s been marked decrease in NIH and NSF funding by Congress over the past 8+ years concurrent with dozens (hundreds?) of grad programs churning huge classes of new PhDs every year. The job market for new biomed/bioscience PhDs has been bad for the past 2 decades.
Industrial jobs aren’t going to be glamor jobs. They aren’t even going to jobs at small non-profit biomed research labs (like the one I work at-- BTW, our shop has been laying off not just support staff but full time researchers for the past 5 years). Mostly they going to be at small biotech companies who breed designer mice for other research labs or study the bacterial resistance of various materials used for contact lenses. Or maybe at a smaller firm that does animal lab management for other organizations. Or maybe at a subcontractor who runs early phase clinical trials for big name drug manufacturers. Or they’re going to be at agricultural chemical companies studying pesticide resistance mechanisms in cotton weevils. Or at petrochemical companies trying to find way to biologically breakdown toxic byproducts from oil fracking. (BTW, I know bioscience PhDs who actually do all of the jobs described above. All graduated from well known and well respected programs.)
Those are what industrial jobs for bio PhDs look like.
Getting a research job at MD Anderson? Even getting a research post-doc at MD Anderson? You need to be a rock star!
(Well, unless you plan to work there as a lab tech/technical support staff.)