What career opportunities are available after PhD in Engineering and Public Policy (program at CMU)?

Yeah, this is the wrong way to approach a PhD program. You go to a PhD because you already have a solid idea of what you want to do and you are pretty sure that it requires a PhD, or at least would heavily benefit from one. If you are already wondering what you would do with a PhD after you finish, then you probably shouldn’t get one (unless you are one of those rare people who wouldn’t mind studying a PhD for 6-7 years only to do something that really didn’t need it afterwards).

Also, people who are successful in academia are not people who “don’t mind” it; they are people who are super passionate about it.