Another urban school that might be good for both astronomy and medicine would be Johns Hopkins. JHU is world famous for biomedical research, and the main (Homewood) campus also has the Space Telescope Science Institute.
In addition, JHU has the Applied Physics Lab (APL), which builds and operates NASA space probes, most recently the New Horizons mission to Pluto. However, APL isn’t at Homewood; it’s located in the suburbs between Baltimore and DC.