When are AO's actually making decisions and reading applications?

It varies between different institutions and programs, but generally speaking, admissions officers will begin reading and evaluating applications shortly after the deadline. After a preliminary review, they may then go into committee to discuss the applications and make decisions. Additional materials such as interview comments, mid-year reports, and updates may be considered later on in the process. It’s best to check with specific program or institution to know the detailed information about their application process and decision making schedule.