<p>I know someone who was on the Fullbright selection committee. The most important part is a demonstrated ability to do research. </p>
<p>The one student whom I know who got one was a top student at a 2nd/3rd tier and also had done research. She had done science research at a summer program at Columbia university, and also had done research at another summer program in a developing country. </p>
<p>In addition, she was fluent in two foreign languages, including one of the country that she wished to live in for her Fulbright. Presumably the Fulbright committee had no need to be concerned about her ability to handle living abroad.</p>
<p>Her project had to do with researching the treatment of pregnant women in Africa who had malaria.</p>
<p>I know students who were turned down for Fulbrights. They had high grades, but no background in doing extensive research.</p>