The OP also wondered if internationals need appreciably more aid than Americans. That is not the issue. If there is both an American and an international who both needed an identical (say) $10000 in aid, for the American, there are a wide variety of sources of government money that will help provide the aid for the American, whereas for the international, that money will usually have to come out of general institute funds. So internationals do not necessarily need more aid, but the aid that they do need, costs more.