Would this courseload allow me to gain a reasonable amount of college credit for my dream schools? Will I have an easy time getting into their political science program?

It’s a real dilemma as you should take a rigorous courseload to strengthen your application to Penn, but you are unlikely to receive much college credit for doing so. You may get credit and/or a waiver of prerequisites for econ (micro & macro), psych, and Spanish. Review Penn’s credit policy here: Penn External Exam Credit.