<p>As time has gone on, it has become clearer and cleared that intelligence is not unique to human beings and animals have their own form of intelligence.</p>
<p>For example, evidence has accumulated that birds,especially given their brain size, are intelligent. Crows and Ravens have been known to use tools, and stories about about things these birds do. The Woman who wrote “My Side of the Mountain” related a story about a Raven that had learned to say “Hello” in various tones, and would descend on a group of picknickers (it would never do so to a group without food) and yell “Hello” in various ways, to try and scare them off (and was often successful).</p>
<p>Usually these things are shrugged off as people seeing what they want to see, but this is via research. Among other things, Parrots have demonstrated the ability, not to mimic, but to learn to speak and also to use words in context, to express things. The most famous was Alex, the African Gray, who showed incredible intelligence. Besides things like using words in context and creating compound sentences and expressing emotion (my favorite line? To a visitor “poor irene is sad, she lost bracelet”). The most incredible thing was that Alex was able to learn the concept of phonemes, something experts said would be impossible for anything other then a human being. Alex demonstrated it unexpectedly one day, after frustrating the researcher, his owner had visitors to the lab and she was showing him off. Normally, after doing something, Alex would be rewarded with a nut, but she only had a brief time with the visitors so was in a rush. After doing something, Alex would say “Nut”, but his owner would say no, and he started getting mad. Finally, frustrated, he said “Ne-Uh-Te, Nut!” spelling it out phonetically (with the implication, 'hey, stupid, you don’t understand the word nut?" <em>lol</em>). Having a parrot and a lovebird, I can tell you even the 2oz lovebird is incredibly aware and intelligent (they estimate a parrot has the rough intelligence of a 6 year old child, though obviously in certain areas and not others).</p>
<p>Scientists claimed birds couldn’t have intelligence, that they couldn’t do what humans do because they lacked certain brain structures…until MRI and CAT and PET scans showed that the bird’s brains worked differently and did things in different places. </p>
<p>Most of the arguments against animal intelligence in my opinion is based in some sort of idea that only humans can have any kind of intelligence, make things, have emotions, etc, a lot of which seems to come from religious bias (misplaced I might add, I don’t see anything in the bible or elsewhere that says animals cannot be intelligent). Despite what idiots like Descartes and Spinoza said, animals are not dumb beasts that deserve only to be kicked.</p>