I’m curious why OP is asking. For purposes of my answer I’m going to assume (1) it’s because OP has a kid who is thinking of applying to elite schools and is wondering how her kid will do with this and that (2) OP’s comments about the ACT score and HS classes is a reflection that this kid did not have as rigorous of a HS prep program as the majority of the kids coming into the elite school.
If this assumption is correct, I think the answer is it depends on the school and on the major. Some of the elite colleges pride themselves on their extremely rigorous program. Think UChicago “life of the mind”, MIT, Princeton. Other elite colleges pride themselves on the whole experience think Harvard, Yale.
If OP’s kid goes to one of the extremely rigorous schools and does not have an adequate foundation, yes there are lots of tutoring options available, but what what is the student’s life at school going to be like? And are they going to end up with the type of major they want, or with the easiest major they could find so that they could pass the classes? Someone else used engineering as an example. If the kid isn’t that strong of a student and chooses to go to MIT for engineering, there is a strong chance they won’t graduate with a degree in this, and if they wanted to be an engineer they would have been better off going to a different school where the degree of difficulty wasn’t so crazy. Even if the kid wants to major in something in the liberal arts where you might think that the degree of preparation wouldn’t be as critical (building blocks of learning) as in STEM, I think the level of rigor at some of these schools is so high, that a student coming from a less rigorous HS could be at a real disadvantage and would have to devote a lot of time to increasing their skill sets above and beyond the pile of work that they are already being given.
As to the point about whether OP’s kid will fit in socially, another poster had a really good point. If we are talking about the elite schools who have students with a wide range of diversity racially, economically, first gen, geographically, politically, etc, I think OP’s kid will find friends and there will be plenty of things for them to do. If we are talking about the next tiers down that have little diversity, I could imagine that it would be much harder. If it’s possible to actually visit the schools, we found that we could quickly notice how the kids intermingle with each other or self-segregate.
About connections etc, while it’s true that some of the kids at the elite schools have incredible social connections, the elite schools are doing a magnificent job with promoting their students and creating connections for kids who otherwise don’t have them. This is one of the top benefits of going to an elite school. And I think there is a huge difference between what the schools are doing now verses what they were doing 20 years ago. They are much more pro-active in promoting ALL the kids.
But my question is, if your kid is going to a school where they are struggling to survive academically, are they going to have the chance to take advantage of everything that the school has to offer? Will they have the time to make the connections? Will they end up graduating with a degree that they are actually interested in?
Again, I think that there are some elite schools that do not kill their students with work. And that there are some majors that are easier than others. So a lesser prepared student can not just survive but can thrive in these schools. But personally, I’d stay away from one of the schools that pride itself on how hard their students work. Just my 2 cents.