<p>Industrial Revolution:
Hays, Garfield, Arthur, Cleveland, Harrison, Cleveland, McKinley</p>
<p>*Political
Pendleton Act=ended spoils system
*Foreign </p>
<pre><code>Spanish American War
America more interested in Cuba for sugar and tobacco
Cuba Revolts against Spain
Americans excited by yellow journalism
Sinking of Maine (actually a gunpowder explosion)->US declares war
Cost little, gained much (Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico, and Phillipines)
Gain Hawaii
</code></pre>
<p>*Social</p>
<pre><code>Out West
Mining->Instant Towns->New States
Ranching-age of cowboy (beef worth 10 times back east drive them there)
Farmer-cultivated land doubles from 1870-1900
Indians ousted (killed buffalo)-> all on 2 reservations
Little Big Horn/Custer (defend gold found in sacred black hills)
</code></pre>
<p>Grange Movement=come together for social and economic reasons-> Farmers alliance (populist party) </p>
<pre><code>Civil Rights
Plessy vs. Ferguson=separate but equal
Jim Crow Laws=separate races, literacy tests
Booker T. Washington=urged accommodation,
Yellow Peril(Chinese)=competitive labor
Chinese Exclusion Act=no Chinese immigration (not repealed until 1943)
Cities
Immigrants moved to big cities (1/3 citizens)=more laborers
Bad Conditions, slums/tenements
Populism
</code></pre>
<p>Wanted higher crop prices, lower interest rates, free coinage of silver (Democrats)
William Jennings Bryan<br>
Gap between rich and poor
Gospel of Success=achievement through success, Social Darwinism, Gospel of Wealth
YMCA, Salvation Army, and Hull Houses(Jane Addams)
Womens Christian Temperance Union and beginnings of womens movements </p>
<p>*Economic </p>
<pre><code>Industry
America becomes worlds leading manufacturer
Inventions-Telephone, light bulb,
Railroads 1830->
</code></pre>
<p>Laid on Federal Land grants
Created Towns, employment, Time zones, telegraph system, new industries
Steel (robber baron- Carnegies Gospel of Wealth=give to charity)
Vanderbilt (railroad)
J.P. Morgan (General Electric and US Steel Corp.)<br>
Oil (robber baron-Rockefeller)
Trusts=monopoly over a given industry (eliminated middle man, but no competition)
Laissez Faire Government=hands off big business </p>
<pre><code>Unions
National Labor Union=1st union (8 hour days), drew skilled craftsmen
</code></pre>
<p>Knights of Labor=Had both craft unionists and industrial unionists, (women, blacks and immigrants also allowed)
Haymarket Square (strikers and police), Pullman Strike (paralyzed trains), Homestead Strike (against Carnegie Steel) ->bad public opinion of unions<br>
American Federation of Labor= craft unionists from Knights, only skilled workers </p>
<p>Business Regulation
Interstate Commerce Act 1887=stop railroads from price discrimination
Sherman Antitrust Act=outlawed trusts (hardly enforced, but led to reform later)
Regulated unions (cant strike)</p>