<p>can someone please explain to me the triggering of a message in a neuron, like the Na and K, and also a muscle contraction?</p>
<p>Has anyone taken the tests on the Cliff’s CDs? Are they harder or easier than the regular AP test?</p>
<p>i want a 5, and i’m getting close to perfect on the multiple choice section. i think there’s only 1 lab essay?</p>
<p>so should i study the labs a lot or no? </p>
<p>^ You might want to look over them briefly, but most of the time I think they one that’s related to a lab still gives you most of the info you need in the question?</p>
<p>As long as you’ve done the lab you should be able to answer it somewhat decently.</p>
<p>dude if you are getting close to perfect on MC. no need to study anything</p>
<p>and the lab questions have nothing to do with labs you’ve done. they require no previous knowledge.</p>
<p>Here are the answers to the questions I previously posted (<a href=“http://talk.collegeconfidential.com/1064829039-post551.html):%5B/url%5D”>http://talk.collegeconfidential.com/1064829039-post551.html):</a>
- C
- C
- A
- A
- D
- E
- C
- A
- A
- C</p>
<p>If you need explanations, let me know. </p>
<p>Since a couple of you asked for some more, here goes:</p>
<p>11) Which of the following releases hormones that stimulate and maintain metabolic processes?
a) ovary
b) thyroid gland
c) posterior pituitary gland
d) adrenal medulla
e) anterior pituitary gland</p>
<p>12) Which of the following is the site of the production of bile?
a) gallbladder
b) small intestine
c) prostate
d) pancreas
e) liver</p>
<p>13) The primary sites of carbohydrate digestion are which of the following structures?
a) mouth and large intestine
b) mouth and stomach
c) stomach and small intestine
d) mouth and small intestine
e) small intestine and colon</p>
<p>14) Pepsin in the stomach is primarily responsible for the breakdown of which type of molecule?
a) starches
b) proteins
c) lipids
d) nucleic acids
e) glycogens</p>
<p>15) Which one of the following statements is NOT true about mammalian circulatory systems?
a) the pulmonary circuit carries blood between the heart and the lungs
b) the systemic circuit carries blood between the heart and the rest of the body
c) mammals have two atria and two ventricles in their hearts
d) a mammal uses about 10 times as much oxygen as a lizard of the same size
e) the left side of a mammal’s heart sends blood to the lungs</p>
<p>16) All of the following are components of blood EXCEPT
a) red blood cells
b) white blood cells
c) platelets
d) leukocytes
e) lymph</p>
<p>17) The Mapighian tubules are the organs that constitute the excretory system of which of the following animals?
a) planaria
b) humans
c) fishes
d) insects
e) annelids</p>
<p>18) The circuit of a sensory neuron, the spinal cord, a motor neuron, and an effector cell constitutes a
a) presynaptic sequence
b) reflex arc
c) nerve circuit
d) nerve impulse
e) saltatory conduction system</p>
<p>19) Sperm are formed in the
a) Leydig cells
b) prostate gland
c) seminal vesicles
d) seminiferous tubules
e) baculum</p>
<p>20) Which of the following is released into the synaptic cleft and acts as an intercellular messenger?
a) sodium
b) chloride
c) neurotransmitter
d) action potential
e) voltage gradient</p>
<p>I’m lucky in that my teacher allows me to borrow her review books! She has a stack of AMSCO, 5 Steps to a 5, and the official study guide and review book that goes with Campbell Biology. I bought the Sparknotes and the Cliffs books to help too just for the heck of it.</p>
<p>Mostly, the tests in AMSCO are very specific. The Sparknotes review is poorly written, but its tests are a good practice. You can’t go wrong with the Campbell review books but the Cliffs review book and 5 practice exams I would recommend the most.</p>
<p>Bottom line: Cliffs prepares you.</p>
<ol>
<li>B</li>
<li>A</li>
<li>C</li>
<li>B</li>
<li>E?</li>
<li>E?</li>
<li>E?</li>
<li>C?</li>
<li>A</li>
<li>C</li>
</ol>
<p>
</p>
<p>I’ll post what is written in the to-accompany-Campbell’s Holtzclaw review book:</p>
<ul>
<li>Sensory receptors collect information about the world outside the body as well as processes inside the body. Examples: the rods and cones of the eye; pressure receptors in the skin</li>
<li>**Sensory neurons<a href=“or%20afferent%20neurons”>/B</a> transmit information from eyes and other sensors that detect stimuli to the brain or spinal cord for processing.</li>
<li>**Interneurons<a href=“or%20integrators”>/b</a> connect sensory and motor neurons or make local connections in the brain and spinal cord.</li>
<li>**Motor neurons<a href=“or%20efferent%20neurons”>/B</a> transmit signals to effectors, such as muscle cells and glands. The effectors are the target cells that produce some kind of response.</li>
<li>Nerves are bundles of neurons. A nerve can contain all motor neurons, all sensory neurons, or be a mix.</li>
</ul>
<p>There are three steps to the process (page 1013 of Campbell’s 7th ed):
- Sensory input
- Integration
- Motor output</p>
<p>Remember: Afferent neurons receive the stimulus; integrators evaluate the impulses for appropriate responses; Efferent neurons stimulate effectors (i.e. illicit a response from the target cells).
A comes before E, so you can easily remember that Afferent neurons are first, and Efferent neurons are last.</p>
<p>This is the pure basics of the nervous system. Cliff’s explains the rest so well and includes an awesome action potential graph, that if you have it, you really need to read it. If you have specific questions, I’ll be glad to help, but it’s rather redundant to re-type what can be found in a text book or Cliff’s.</p>
<p>12-It should be E right? Liver produces bile and the gallbladder stores it. I think 17 might be D. 19 is D. Otherwise, I think you’re right.</p>
<p>[YouTube</a> - khanacademy’s Channel](<a href=“http://www.youtube.com/user/khanacademy#p/c/7A9646BC5110CF64]YouTube”>http://www.youtube.com/user/khanacademy#p/c/7A9646BC5110CF64)</p>
<p>This guy’s videos are SOO helpful.</p>
<p>17 is D ten chars</p>
<p>Yes. You guys are both right. I probably have more stuff wrong there. I was in a rush. Anyway, Maphigian tubules are found in insects, not annelids, and, though the gallbladder STORES bile, it is the liver that produces it.</p>
<p>^^^ Thanks echoyjeff222 for the videos. I’m going to watch (and take a break from reading) about the parts that I’m least comfortable with. I’m a visual learner. Thanks.</p>
<p>who has the official released 2008?PM me please!! desperate…</p>
<p>years…</p>
<p><a href=“http://talk.collegeconfidential.com/1064825659-post42.html[/url]”>http://talk.collegeconfidential.com/1064825659-post42.html</a></p>
<p>4 tests including 2008</p>
<p>@yearsofwisdom: there’s a link to it somewhere on this thread… in the last few pages. :)</p>
<p>was the 2008 version very hard?
was that the one with a really huge curve?</p>
<p>does everyone agree that the cliffnotes exam is unnecessarily difficult? the other exams I have taken have been much more generalized. I got a 76% on a past exam and only a 50% on cliffnotes test 1.</p>
<p>^are you using the exams in the cliffnotes 3rd version?</p>
<p>yes…do they even change the tests?</p>
<p>I just got a 68% on a Cliffs Test and I got an 87% on my class’s final, which apparently was the 2008 audit exam. To be honest, I think my score will be in the low 70’s. The audit test was too simple and the Cliffs Test was difficult [in many MC and on half of the FRQ’s]. </p>
<p>I’m sure they’ve been posted, but what are the “predicitions” for this year’s FRQ’s?</p>