There are a lot of wonderful and perfectly worthy places to go to college, in between Ivies and community college. The problem with your list is that all of your non-super-elite choices are public universities that are more stat-based and that won’t give you the benefit of URM advantage.
With your strong test scores and presumably a weighted GPA somewhere above 3.5 (?), a very strong improving trend with a clear explanation for past struggles, some great EC’s, and a URM “hook,” I think you’d have a chance at some terrific private colleges and universities. Both Case Western Reserve U in Cleveland and U of Rochester (NY) are top-notch STEM schools that offer amazing flexibility - you’re not locked into a a major and can explore before deciding. CWRU has an Engineering Physics major that would be a great way to keep both engineering and astrophysics options open. Both have great neuroscience and cognitive science program, and lots of medical-adjacent research because of their excellent med schools. Both meet full financial need and also offer merit scholarships, and both have strong performing arts too.
Smith and Mt. Holyoke, the women’s colleges in the Five College Consortium in MA, could be great options. Smith has excellent STEM including an engineering program. Both schools participate in the Five College Astronomy Department. You could get strong neuroscience at both, and could take classes at Amherst College which is especially known for neuroscience. Bryn Mawr - which shares astronomy/astrophysics facilities and programs with Haverford - is another possibility.
Reed is also a terrific STEM (and humanities/social sciences) school that’s worth a look. Also Union (NY),Trinity (CT), WPI (MA), RIT (NY), and Clarkson (NY).
There are diversity fly-ins you can apply to at many of these schools, and many others.
https://go.case.edu/register/diversityovernight
https://enrollment.rochester.edu/multicultural-visitation-program/
https://www.reed.edu/apply/visit/multicultural-programs.html
https://www.wpi.edu/c/discover-diversity
https://www.union.edu/admissions/visit/getting-to-know-u/
http://www.trincoll.edu/Admissions/campusvisit/pages/preview.aspx
https://www.smith.edu/women-distinction-program
https://www.brynmawr.edu/admissions/travel-scholars
https://www1.lehigh.edu/admissions/undergrad/visit/dap
https://www.bucknell.edu/journeytobucknell
Beyond the private colleges and U’s, there are also good western-states publics in the WUE program that could be good options for you. Whether these should be considered depends on your EFC.
Starting in CC is a good, affordable choice that can give you route to competitive in-state U’s that wouldn’t have been an option on the first pass. But it also limits what courses will be available in your first two years, so you may not get to explore your interests and options to the extent that you could being at one school for 4 years. And it’s hard to get enough pre-engineering coursework at most CC’s to keep that option open.
It seems like the sky’s the limit for you now that you’re on track. There are plenty of four-year schools that would be happy to help you fulfill that potential.