I think that the only people who care will be people who want to date you. Otherwise I do not think that the large majority of people will care one way or the other.
However, I do not have any personal experience in this area. One daughter did have a friend who was a lesbian, and I do not recall hearing of her having any difficulty.
Graduate programs in the USA will certainly know how strong Bowdoin College is. One daughter is currently studying for a PhD at a very good university in the US. The other students in her program come from a huge range of different colleges and universities (which is typical of graduate programs in the USA), and one of them did get their bachelor’s degree at Bowdoin. Generally speaking admissions to PhD programs is very competitive, but this is something that you can think about multiple years in the future. The fact that you already have some research experience is a good start in this direction.