I would advise you to not even consider working for a year and delaying college. College is your ticket out of poverty and instability, plus you’ll have housing in the dorms. Ask if you can use your friend’s address, and file a forwarding with the post office. Ask your school counselor for help with qualifying as independent for FAFSA and CSS. If you want Columbia, yes, do apply ED, because they’ll surely give you a full ride, and then you can apply RD to the rest if you need to. I assume that you got a fee waiver for the Common App?
Do not step off the track. Right now you have a guidance counselor and a current academic record. Taking time off to work a low pay job is not a good idea.